๐Ÿƒ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์žฌํ™œ ์ด์Šˆ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌํ•‘ ยท 2026๋…„ 05์›” 08์ผ

ไฝœ่€… jiwoo kwan (Research Curator)ยท
#์ •ํ˜•์™ธ๊ณผ์žฌํ™œ#๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ํ•™#pubmed#๋…ผ๋ฌธ์š”์•ฝ#๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ์žฌํ™œ#์—‰๋ฉ๊ด€์ ˆ#๋ณดํ–‰ํšŒ๋ณต#์ผ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

๐Ÿƒ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์žฌํ™œ ์ตœ์‹  ๋…ผ๋ฌธ 4ํŽธ ์š”์•ฝ

์ถœ์ฒ˜: PubMed / NCBI ยท ๋‚ ์งœ: 2026๋…„ 05์›” 08์ผ
๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์–ด: hip rehabilitation hip arthroplasty functional outcomes daily activities

๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์žฌํ™œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ตœ์‹  ์ž„์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํšŒ๋ณต๊ณผ ์žฌํ™œ์— ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ฐ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ DOI ๋˜๋Š” PubMed ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.


๐Ÿ“Š ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ํ•œ๋ˆˆ์— ๋น„๊ต

#์ œ๋ชฉ์ œ1์ €์ž์ €๋„์—ฐ๋„๋งํฌ
1Satisfaction, functional outcomes and predictors in hip arthroscopy:โ€ฆvan der Valk Mara R ์™ธHip international : the journโ€ฆ2022DOI
2OARSI recommended performance-based tests to assess physical functionโ€ฆDobson F ์™ธOsteoarthritis and cartilage2013DOI
3Improved Functional Outcomes of Combined Hip Arthroscopy and Periacetโ€ฆRuzbarsky Joseph J ์™ธArthroscopy : the journal ofโ€ฆ2024DOI
4The impact of obesity on functional outcomes in navigation-assisted tโ€ฆBorazjani Roham ์™ธArchives of orthopaedic and tโ€ฆ2025DOI

[1] Satisfaction, functional outcomes and predictors in hip arthroscopy: a cohort study.

์ €์ž: van der Valk Mara R, Wolterbeek Nienke, van Assen Tijmen, Veen M Remmelt
์ €๋„: Hip international : the journal of clinical and experimental research on hip pathology and therapy 32(2), 2022
DOI: 10.1177/1120700020963363
PubMed: 33032461

#### ์š”์•ฝ (ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด)

์„œ๋ก 

๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฒฝ์ˆ (hip arthroscopy)์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฒฝ์ˆ  ํ›„ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ์ธ๊ณต ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ „์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ (total hip arthroplasty, THA)๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ธ๊ณต ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ „์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ , ์žฌ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฒฝ์ˆ (revision arthroscopy) ๋ฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ™˜์ž ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ์ฐจ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฒฝ์ˆ ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

ํ™˜์ž 90๋ช…(์—ฌ์„ฑ 66%)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ์ด 91๊ฑด์˜ ์ผ์ฐจ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฒฝ์ˆ  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž ๊ธฐ๋ก์ง€์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ์˜จํƒ€๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ฐ ๋งฅ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ ์ง€์ˆ˜(Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, WOMAC), ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ ์ˆ˜(modified Harris Hip Score, mHHS), ์œ ๋กœํ€„ 5์ฐจ์› ์ฒ™๋„(EuroQol 5-dimension, EQ-5D)๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๋ณต๊ท€, ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ํ›„ ํ†ต์ฆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์†กํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์š”์ธ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

ํ‰๊ท  1.6๋…„์˜ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 4๋ช…(4%)์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฒฝ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ , 10๋ช…(11%)์ด ์ธ๊ณต ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ „์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‘๋‹ต์ž(62%) ์ค‘ 66%๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 75.3์ (ํ‘œ์ค€์˜ค์ฐจ 1.9), ํ‰๊ท  WOMAC ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 81.0์ (ํ‘œ์ค€์˜ค์ฐจ 2.8)์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๋ณต๊ท€์œจ์€ 58%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ์—ฐ๋ น์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(p=0.008), ์ฆ์ƒ ์ง€์† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(p=0.005).

๊ฒฐ๋ก 

๊ณ ๋ น์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ์ฆ์ƒ ์ง€์† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณต ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ „์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ์žฌ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฒฝ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ์€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ธก์ •์น˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์›๋ฌธ Abstract ๋ณด๊ธฐ

INTRODUCTION

Hip arthroscopy is not always successful, leading to high rates of total hip arthroplasty (THA) after arthroscopy. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for THA, revision arthroscopy and low patient satisfaction and to compare outcomes of the different procedures of primary hip arthroscopy.

METHODS

A total of 91 primary hip arthroscopy procedures in 90 patients (66% female) were analysed. Data were gathered from patient files and a questionnaire was sent to patients including the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), the EuroQol 5-dimension and questions about return to sports, satisfaction and pain before and after surgery. Using regression analyses, predictive factors for the outcomes were identified.

RESULTS

After a mean of 1.6โ€‰years, 4 patients (4%) underwent revision arthroscopy and 10 (11%) a THA. Of the responders (62%), 66% of the patients was satisfied to very satisfied about the surgery. Mean mHHS score was 75.3 (SE 1.9) and the mean WOMAC score was 81.0 (SE 2.8). Return to sports rate was 58%. A higher age was a significant predictor for lower satisfaction (pโ€‰=โ€‰0.008) and a longer duration of symptoms was a significant predictor for worse mHHS outcome scores (pโ€‰=โ€‰0.005).

CONCLUSION

A higher age is a predictor for a lower satisfaction and a longer duration of symptoms before surgery has a negative influence on functional outcome. No risk factors for THA or revision arthroscopy were found and there were no significant differences in outcome measurements between the performed surgeries.


[2] OARSI recommended performance-based tests to assess physical function in people diagnosed with hip or knee osteoarthritis.

์ €์ž: Dobson F, Hinman R S, Roos E M, Abbott J H, Stratford P et al.
์ €๋„: Osteoarthritis and cartilage 21(8), 2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.002
PubMed: 23680877

#### ์š”์•ฝ (ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด)

๋ชฉ์ 

๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์Šฌ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ(Osteoarthritis, OA)์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ (joint replacement)์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(performance-based tests) ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋‹คํ•™์ œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฌธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ถŒ๊ณ  ์„ธํŠธ์— ํฌํ•จํ•  ํ›„๋ณด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์„ ์ •๋œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ธก์ • ์†์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก (1000Minds ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‹ค๋‹จ๊ณ„ ํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ข… ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ถŒ๊ณ ๋œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์šฉํ•œ ์ธก์ • ์†์„ฑ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ, ์ฑ„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

16๊ฐœ๊ตญ 138๋ช…์˜ ์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ์ž„์ƒ์˜์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฌธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ์ œ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผํ•™ํšŒ(Osteoarthritis Research Society International, OARSI)๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ธํ•œ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” 30์ดˆ ์˜์ž์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด์„œ๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(30-s chair-stand test), 40m ์†๋ณด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(40m fast-paced walk test), ๊ณ„๋‹จ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(stair-climb test), ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œํ•œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(timed up-and-go test), 6๋ถ„ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(6-min walk test)์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ์•ž์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์Šฌ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์„ธํŠธ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก 

OARSI๊ฐ€ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์„ธํŠธ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์Šฌ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž ๋ฐ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜์ž ๋ณด๊ณ ํ˜• ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ(patient-reported measures)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ „ํ–ฅ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž„์ƒ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๊ณ ๋œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ธก์ • ์†์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์›๋ฌธ Abstract ๋ณด๊ธฐ

OBJECTIVES

To recommend a consensus-derived set of performance-based tests of physical function for use in people diagnosed with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA) or following joint replacement.

METHODS

An international, multidisciplinary expert advisory group was established to guide the study. Potential tests for consideration in the recommended set were identified via a survey of selected experts and through a systematic review of the measurement properties for performance-based tests. A multi-phase, consensus-based approach was used to prioritize and select performance-based tests by applying decision analysis methodology (1000Minds software) via online decision surveys. The recommended tests were chosen based on available measurement-property evidence, feasibility of the tests, scoring methods and expert consensus.

RESULTS

Consensus incorporated the opinions of 138 experienced clinicians and researchers from 16 countries. The five tests recommended by the advisory group and endorsed by Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) were the 30-sย chair-stand test, 40ย m fast-paced walk test, a stair-climb test, timed up-and-go test and 6-min walk test. The first three were recommended as the minimal core set of performance-based tests for hip or knee OA.

CONCLUSION

The OARSI recommended set of performance-based tests of physical function represents the tests of typical activities relevant to individuals diagnosed with hip or knee OA and following joint replacements. These tests are complementary to patient-reported measures and are recommended as prospective outcome measures in future OA research and to assist decision-making in clinical practice. Further research should be directed to expanding the measurement-property evidence of the recommended tests.

Crown Copyright ยฉ 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


[3] Improved Functional Outcomes of Combined Hip Arthroscopy and Periacetabular Osteotomy at Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up.

์ €์ž: Ruzbarsky Joseph J, Comfort Spencer M, Rutledge Joan C, Shelton Trevor J, Day Hannah K et al.
์ €๋„: Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 40(2), 2024
DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.06.034
PubMed: 37392802

#### ์š”์•ฝ (ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด)

๋ชฉ์ 

๋‹จ์ผ ๋งˆ์ทจ ํ•˜์— ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฒฝ์ˆ (hip arthroscopy)๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตฌ์ฃผ์œ„ ์ ˆ๊ณจ์ˆ (periacetabular osteotomy, PAO) ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„, ์ตœ์†Œ 2๋…„ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ํ™˜์ž ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(patient-reported outcomes, PROs)์™€ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

2017๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2020๋…„ 6์›” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฒฝ์ˆ (M.J.P.)๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตฌ์ฃผ์œ„ ์ ˆ๊ณจ์ˆ (J.M.M.)์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „๊ณผ ์ตœ์†Œ 2๋…„ ํ›„์˜ ํ™˜์ž ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ ์ˆ˜-์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ํ™œ๋™(Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living, HOS-ADL), HOS-์Šคํฌ์ธ (HOS-Sport), ์ˆ˜์ • ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ ์ˆ˜(modified Harris Hip Score, mHHS), ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ์˜จํƒ€๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ฐ ๋งฅ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ ์ง€์ˆ˜(Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, WOMAC), 12ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋‹จ์ถ• ์„ค๋ฌธ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ ์ˆ˜(12-Item Short Form Survey Mental Component Scores, SF-12 MCS) ๋ฐ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ ์ˆ˜(SF-12 PCS)๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ฅ , ์ธ๊ณต ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ „์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ (total hip arthroplasty, THA)๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์œจ ๋ฐ ํ™˜์ž ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž 29๋ช… ์ค‘ 24๋ช…(83%)์ด ์ตœ์†Œ 2๋…„ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘์•™ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 2.5๋…„(๋ฒ”์œ„, 2.0~5.0๋…„)์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ 19๋ช…, ๋‚จ์„ฑ 5๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 31 ยฑ 12์„ธ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ํ‰๊ท  ์™ธ์ธก ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ๋„(lateral center edge angle)๋Š” 20ยฐ ยฑ 5ยฐ, ์•ŒํŒŒ ๊ฐ๋„(alpha angle)๋Š” 71ยฐ ยฑ 11ยฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž 1๋ช…์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ 11.7๊ฐœ์›”์งธ์— ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ณจ๋Šฅ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. 2๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž(33์„ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ, 37์„ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ)๋Š” ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2.6๋…„๊ณผ 1.3๋…„ ์‹œ์ ์— ์ธ๊ณต ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ „์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ํ™˜์ž ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ ํ‡ด๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰(Tรถnnis grade) 1๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๊ตฌ์— ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ณจ์ ˆ์ˆ (microfracture)์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์–‘๊ทน์„ฑ ์•„์šฐํ„ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰(bipolar Outerbridge grade) III/IV ๊ฒฐ์†์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณต ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ „์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ(n=22)์—์„œ๋Š” SF-12 MCS๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ํ›„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(P < .05). HOS-ADL, HOS-์Šคํฌ์ธ , mHHS์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์ค‘์š” ์ฐจ์ด(minimal clinically significant difference) ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 72%, 82%, 86%์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™˜์ž ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ฆ์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ(patient-acceptable symptom state) ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 95%, 91%, 95%์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ’์€ 10์ (๋ฒ”์œ„, 4~10์ )์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก 

์ฆ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ดํ˜•์„ฑ์ฆ(symptomatic hip dysplasia) ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฒฝ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ตฌ์ฃผ์œ„ ์ ˆ๊ณจ์ˆ  ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ’ 2.5๋…„ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ™˜์ž ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ 92%์˜ ์ธ๊ณต ๊ด€์ ˆ ์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ  ์—†๋Š” ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€

์ˆ˜์ค€ IV, ์ฆ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(case series).

์›๋ฌธ Abstract ๋ณด๊ธฐ

PURPOSE

To evaluate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and survivorship at minimum 2-year follow-up after combined hip arthroscopy and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) performed in the setting of a single anesthetic event.

METHODS

Patients who underwent combined hip arthroscopy (M.J.P.) and PAO (J.M.M.) between January 2017 and June 2020 were identified. Preoperative and minimum 2-year postoperative PROs including Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), HOS-Sport, modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, 12-Item Short Form Survey Mental Component Scores (SF-12 MCS), and 12-Item Short Form Survey Physical Component Score were collected and compared in addition to revision rate, conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA), and patient satisfaction.

RESULTS

Twenty-four of 29 patients (83%) eligible for the study were available for 2-year minimum follow-up with a median follow-up time of 2.5 years (range, 2.0-5.0). There were 19 females and 5 males with mean age of 31 ยฑ 12 years. Mean preoperative lateral center edge angle was 20ยฐ ยฑ 5ยฐ and alpha angle was 71ยฐ ยฑ 11ยฐ. One patient underwent reoperation for removal of a symptomatic iliac crest screw at 11.7 months after operation. Two patients, a 33-year-old woman and a 37-year-old man, were converted to THA at 2.6 and 1.3 years, respectively, following the combined procedure. Both patients had a Tรถnnis grade of 1 on radiographs, as well as bipolar Outerbridge grade III/IV defects requiring microfracture of the acetabulum. For patients who did not convert to THA (nย = 22), there was significant improvement from before to after surgery for all scores (Pย <ย .05) except SF-12 MCS. The minimal clinically significant difference and patient-acceptable symptom state rates for HOS-ADL, HOS-Sport, and mHHS were 72%, 82%, 86%, and 95%, 91%, and 95%, respectively. Median patient satisfaction was 10 (range, 4 to 10).

CONCLUSIONS

Single-stage combined hip arthroscopy with periacetabular osteotomy for patients with symptomatic hip dysplasia results in improvement in PROs and arthroplasty free survivorship of 92% at median 2.5 year follow-up.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level IV, case series.

Copyright ยฉ 2023 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


[4] The impact of obesity on functional outcomes in navigation-assisted total hip arthroplasty.

์ €์ž: Borazjani Roham, DeMoes Danielle, Hoveidaei Amir Human, Kreuzer Stefan
์ €๋„: Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 145(1), 2025
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-025-05889-7
PubMed: 40299074

#### ์š”์•ฝ (ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด)

๋…ผ๋ฌธ ์ œ๋ชฉ: ๋‚ด๋น„๊ฒŒ์ด์…˜ ๋ณด์กฐ ์ธ๊ณต๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ „์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ ์—์„œ ๋น„๋งŒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์˜ˆํ›„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ
์ธ๊ณต๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ „์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ (Total Hip Arthroplasty, THA) ํ›„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์˜ˆํ›„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋งŒ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋น„๋งŒ ํ™˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๋น„๊ฒŒ์ด์…˜ ๋ณด์กฐ ์ธ๊ณต๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์ „์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ (Navigation-assisted THA) ํ›„ ๋น„๋งŒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ง€์ˆ˜(Body Mass Index, BMI)๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋น„๊ฒŒ์ด์…˜ ๋ณด์กฐ THA ํ›„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์˜ˆํ›„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
2010๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2024๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณธ์› ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด๋น„๊ฒŒ์ด์…˜ ๋ณด์กฐ ์ผ์ธก์„ฑ ์ผ์ฐจ THA๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ BMI๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ƒ ์ฒด์ค‘(18.5-25.0 kg/mยฒ), ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘(25.0-29.9 kg/mยฒ), ๋น„๋งŒ(30-39.9 kg/mยฒ) ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฐจ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์žฅ์•  ๋ฐ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ ์ ์ˆ˜(Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement, HOOS JR)๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต๋ž€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ BMI ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด Delta HOOS JR(์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ํ›„ ์ ์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ด) ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ HOOS JR์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์„ ํ˜• ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
ํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ๋ น 62.80์„ธ(๋ฒ”์œ„: 23-94์„ธ)์ธ ์ด 1,543๊ฑด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ (40.5%), ๋น„๋งŒ(32.9%), ์ •์ƒ ์ฒด์ค‘(26.6%) ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋งŒ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ํ›„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜(p < 0.05), ์ •์ƒ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ HOOS ์ฆ์ƒ(44.68 ยฑ 22.45 vs. 40.68 ยฑ 22.29, p = 0.006) ๋ฐ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(Activities of Daily Living, ADL, 46.36 ยฑ 20.85 vs. 42.10 ยฑ 21.20, p = 0.002)์—์„œ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋งŒ์ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ๋‚ฎ์€ HOOS JR๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 60์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น, ๋‚จ์„ฑ, ์Œ์ฃผ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” Delta HOOS JR์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์œผ๋‚˜ BMI ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก 
๋น„๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ Delta HOOS JR์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ HOOS ์ฆ์ƒ ๋ฐ ADL์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋น„๊ฒŒ์ด์…˜ ๋ณด์กฐ THA๊ฐ€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ง€์ž„์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋งŒ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ THA์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ž„์ƒ ์˜ˆํ›„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์›๋ฌธ Abstract ๋ณด๊ธฐ

INTRODUCTION

Functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) are generally poorer in obese patients compared to non-obese individuals. However, the effect of obesity on functional improvement following navigation-assisted HA remains controversial. This study investigates whether BMI influences functional outcome improvements following navigation-assisted THA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We reviewed our institutional database from 2010 to 2024 for patients undergoing navigation-assisted unilateral primary THA. Patients were categorized as Healthy weight (18.5-25.0 Kg/m2), Overweight (25.0-29.9 Kg/m2), and Obese (30-39.9 Kg/m2), based on their preoperative BMI. Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (HOOS JR) was compared across BMI groups as the primary outcome. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the effect of BMI groups on Delta HOOS JR and postoperative HOOS JR while controlling for confounding variables.

RESULTS

A total of 1,543 cases with a mean age of 62.80 years (range: 23-94) were included. Most patients were Overweight (40.5%), followed by Obese (32.9%) and Healthy weight (26.6%). Although obese patients had significantly lower preoperative and postoperative functional scores (pโ€‰<โ€‰0.05), they demonstrated greater improvements in HOOS symptoms (44.68โ€‰ยฑโ€‰22.45 vs. 40.68โ€‰ยฑโ€‰22.29, pโ€‰=โ€‰0.006) and activities of daily living (46.36โ€‰ยฑโ€‰20.85 vs. 42.10โ€‰ยฑโ€‰21.20, pโ€‰=โ€‰0.002) compared to the Healthy weight group. Despite obesity being linked to lower postoperative HOOS JR, regression analysis showed ageโ€‰โ‰ฅโ€‰60 years, men, and alcohol consumption-but not BMI status-negatively affected Delta HOOS JR.

CONCLUSIONS

The obese group exhibited better improvements in HOOS symptoms and ADL with comparable Delta HOOS JR, supporting navigation-assisted THA as a valuable option for obese patients. The results of this study may help surgeons provide evidence-based preoperative counseling to obese patients regarding the expected clinical outcomes of THA.

ยฉ 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.



๐Ÿ“š ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ (References)

  1. van der Valk Mara R, Wolterbeek Nienke, van Assen Tijmen, Veen M Remmelt. Satisfaction, functional outcomes and predictors in hip arthroscopy: a cohort study. Hip international : the journal of clinical and experimental research on hip pathology and therapy 32(2), 2022. ยท DOI: 10.1177/1120700020963363 ยท PubMed: 33032461
  2. Dobson F, Hinman R S, Roos E M, Abbott J H, Stratford P et al.. OARSI recommended performance-based tests to assess physical function in people diagnosed with hip or knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and cartilage 21(8), 2013. ยท DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.002 ยท PubMed: 23680877
  3. Ruzbarsky Joseph J, Comfort Spencer M, Rutledge Joan C, Shelton Trevor J, Day Hannah K et al.. Improved Functional Outcomes of Combined Hip Arthroscopy and Periacetabular Osteotomy at Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 40(2), 2024. ยท DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.06.034 ยท PubMed: 37392802
  4. Borazjani Roham, DeMoes Danielle, Hoveidaei Amir Human, Kreuzer Stefan. The impact of obesity on functional outcomes in navigation-assisted total hip arthroplasty. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 145(1), 2025. ยท DOI: 10.1007/s00402-025-05889-7 ยท PubMed: 40299074
๋ณธ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” PubMed ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋™ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒ ์ ์šฉ ์ „ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์›๋ฌธ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ƒ๋‹ดํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

ๆฅๆบ